The 28-year-old from Chemnitz won the 1000 metre time trial in a time of 1:00.645 minutes against the Frenchman Quentin Lafargue (1:00.660). Bronze went to Theo Bos from the Netherlands (1:00.868).
"My last World Cup victory was in New Zealand in 2015. So of course it's especially nice to be able to win here in front of a home crowd," said the two-time world champion Eilers after his tenth World Cup victory.
In the men's two-man team time trial, the two world champions Roger Kluge and Theo Reinhardt finished third with 24 points in front of around 2000 spectators. At their home World Cup, the two Berliners were beaten by Denmark's Lasse Norman Hansen and Casper Folsach (44) and Great Britain's Mark Stewart and Oliver Wood (30) with 24 points.
"The Danes have already dominated the first two World Cups and have done the same here. We have another podium finish and are continuing to collect points - we are satisfied," summarised Kluge in the capital's velodrome.
Before the decisions were made, Kristina Vogel, who has been paralysed since her serious training accident, was honoured as Cyclist of the Year in an emotional ceremony.